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(Warning: Typos Intact, Not Legal Advice)

Greedy Grasping Stepmother?
Conniving Stepsisters?
Stop Me If You’ve Heard This One Before…

Can my step-mother, who has rights to live in the house till she dies, pay lawyers and take money out of my Dads Estate? NO WILL

When sibling took my dad & stepmother to draw up a will, years back. Stepmother said she didn’t want it-she wanted Everything my Dad had. She told him that day she could divorce him & take half of everything. She moved out for a wk when I got POA & he put bene on his Bank accts & investments, leaving her enough to live on & added her to the deed, to live there till she dies -then reverts back to his 3 prev children. I moved in with them, to try to help with his care– she said she was living in Hell & hoped to die in her sleep.. She called him ugly names and smacked him (on his legs) when he was talking late at night and bothering her..

I slept on the sofa beside him – he had his days & nights mixed up.. & trouble sleeping at night.. she would rather him be a nursing home. Now she’s upset that he didn’t leave her ALL and has hired an elder lawyer .. her daughter asked if my Dad’s estate would be paying the bills he paid in life and I’m afraid they are figuring a way to take money away from the house. we aren’t allowed to see or talk to her & they want us to come get our dads belongings that they are putting in his garage. he died Nov 2nd at 85- they were married 26 years. She is 83

Chapter One: 26 Years Of Wedded Bliss

Chapter Two: The Aftermath

Why These Things Happen: When people live longer, they tend to find fault with the other people they’ve been living with. Sometimes those other people die. Frequently they move on. To make other mistakes. With other people. Bringing their baggage along with them. Baggage that frequently includes other human beings, known as “children.” Children who never, at any time, saw in that other person what you saw in the other person. Hope springs eternal. Keeps life interesting.

Just the Facts, Just the Facts: Here’s a story of a lovely lady. Who was bringing up a very lovely girl. It’s the story, of a man named [Fill in the Blank], who was busy with three kids of his own. ‘til the one day when that lady met this fella and they knew that it was much more than a hunch…

But now she refuses to engage in estate planning. He wants his leftovers to go to his kids. After he dies. After she dies. After she has used the marital assets. Then passed over where those assets are no longer needed. But. She wants his leftovers. Now. And when he dies. Nothing for his kids. What’s mine is mine and what’s yours is mine too.

What Might Have Been: This is not an unusual situation. How do we make sure that the surviving spouse continues to enjoy the life that they have built over the last 20 years? How do we also honor the love each parent has for their kids? How do we honor the commitment that these married folks have made to one another? How do we avoid nursing home poverty that wrecks everything for everyone?

First Things First: An easy way to prevent fights over stuff is to make sure there is no stuff. Not surprisingly, there is a popular way to make sure there is no stuff over which to fight. Simply liquidate lifesavings and pay for a long-term care facility, nursing home, assisted living, or at-home care provider. Care services are extremely expensive now. Care services are getting more expensive by the day. Going broke does seem to be a popular strategy. Freedom is just another word for nothing left to lose.

Planning to avoid nursing home poverty is well- established. The legal foundations are sound. The beneficial consequences are undeniable. And the psychological effects are much greater than most folks realize. The stepmother in this letter is greedy, grasping, uncooperative, and mean. Maybe that is just who she is. Always has been, always will be. But I wonder. How well do you yourself function when fear and anxiety set in? Imagine yourself threatened. Weak. Unable to control your destiny. Physical and mental decline undeniable. Will you be your best self? Maybe. Maybe not. Would it make any difference if your future were secure? If you knew that there was nothing to worry about. Does security bring generosity?

Gratitude? Sometimes, I guess.

Chances Missed: By rejecting Dad’s efforts to plan, Stepmom put him in a bind. Cooperative, joint, mutual planning that is agreed upon by the couple works best. Dad could write off his kids. Or he could plan for both wife and kids, without Stepmom’s contributions.

Stepmom threatened Dad with divorce. He did not want that. Stepmom insisted Dad disinherit his kids. He did not want that either. So Dad put Sonny-boy’s name on some accounts. It seems that Dad also put Stepmom’s name on other accounts. Dad “put bene on his Bank accts & investments, leaving her enough to live on”.

Plus Stepmom gets (at least) so much of his Social Security Retirement that is more than her own. Maybe pension, too.

I would also guess, from our correspondent, that Dad gave Stepmom a “life estate” in the homestead. After the estate planning fiasco, Dad “added her to the deed, to live there till she dies -then reverts back to his 3 prev children”. That’s a pretty good description of how a life estate works. Dad, who owns the real estate, gives Stepmom the right to live there. For as long as she lives. And after death, the real estate goes to whomever Dad set forth on the deed.

Practical Pointer: What if Stepmom challenges all this and tries to set it aside? Michigan’s Estate and Protected Individual Code has the answers. Stepmom and Dad have no kids together. Stepmom and Dad each have descendants of their own. In this case, surviving Stepmom gets the first $100,000 and splits the remainder with Dad’s kids. Adjusted for inflation since the year 2000, Stepmom would actually get the first $161,000 and divide the remainder equally. One-half for the surviving spouse. One-half divided among the decedent’s children.

Interesting Note: What if Stepmom and Dad had at least one child together? Then Stepmom would get the first $242,000. And divide the rest as usual.

Bottom Line: Dad and Stepmom missed an opportunity to provide for one another and perhaps build a happier life together. Stepmom would probably lose more at this time by contesting rather than accepting Dad’s solution. Can Stepmom leave the homestead in debt by charging expenses against it? Nope. Can Stepmom draw money from the estate that Dad did not leave to her? No. Does it make sense for Stepmom to try and set it all aside? Probably not, but it all comes down to the numbers.

***********************

Does Any Good Deed Go Unpunished?
Or Unrecorded?

What do i do as a successor trustee if the real property deeds were prepared, signed and notarized but never recorded?

it appears that when the trust ws prepared so were the deeds, but the original deeds are still in the binder with the will and trust, etc. and there is no record of them ever being recorded. Can I simply record them now? it has been about 2 years since everything was signed and notarized.

Short Answer: No. Problem. At. All.

Longer Answer: In each county, the Register of Deeds provides a permanent record of transfers, encumbrances, liens, easements, and all the other items that affect the ownership or use of real estate. Provided that the document meets certain minimum requirements, the Register MUST record the document. To prove that the document existed. But there is no legal effect to recording. A recorded deed or other document does not become more “legal” because it is recorded.

Deeds in Michigan are effective when delivered with donative intent. Was the deed written? Was the deed delivered? Did the person writing the deed intend to transfer the property? Recording with the Register of Deeds is, of course, pretty good evidence that you meant to transfer the property, of donative intent. On the other hand, Michigan courts have held that recording a deed with the Register of Deeds is not, all by itself, the answer. Deeds that were recorded without “donative intent” have been thrown out.

Bottom Line: When buying a home, recording the deed is of utmost, paramount, super-duper importance. You need to pay the property taxes. You need to live in the thing. You need to get the mortgage. Git R Done!

Estate planning requirements are different. You already own the darn place. No one is going to evict you. You are doing the planning for purposes other than you need a place to lay your weary head. That’s why it is not unusual for deeds in the estate planning context to be recorded later. Sometimes much later. Sometimes as a privacy strategy. Sometimes just because.

Warning! In Michigan, a recorded deed wins! Unless the person recording the deed knows about a prior unrecorded deed.

Here’s How It Works: Let’s say the person who set up this trust (the “Grantor”) made you the Trustee. Then the Grantor names someone else as Agent under a Financial Power of Attorney. [Yes. This is a really stupid way to do things, but it happens.]

Let’s say that the Trustee sells the home to Person A. Trustee gives Person A the deed putting the house into the Trust. Trustee also gives Person A a deed transferring the house from the Trust to Person A.

Person A sets off for the Register of Deeds, but stops for lunch.

In the meantime, the Agent under the Financial Power of Attorney, sells the house to Person B. Agent gives Person B a deed transferring the house to Person B. Person B had a big breakfast so heads straight to the Register of Deeds and records his deed.

Person B wins the race to the Register of Deeds and records first. Person B has no idea about the trust or Person A. Who owns the house? Person B.

But what if Person B knew about the deed to the Trust? What if Person B was on notice? If Person B knows that Trustee already deeded the house to Person A, Person B loses.

And that’s why Michigan’s recording statute is called “Race/Notice”. Whoever wins the RACE to the Register, without NOTICE of another deed, wins. Ain’t the law fascinatin’?

***********************

It’s Nice To Be Nice. Or Is It?
Is it a liability for me to be on my elderly father’s checking account?

My father is 92 and his only income is the $800 per month that he gets from Social Security and SSI. He’s also on Medicaid. His mind is slipping away quickly and he is having trouble writing checks to pay bills. I’m already on his account as a beneficiary, but he is concerned that he will become incapacitated and he wants to add me to his account as an authorized signer. I am concerned that other, less involved family members, could accuse me of mishandling this money. Is that something that could turn into a liability for me? Are there any other issues I should be looking out for?

Short Answer #1: No, it is not a liability for you to be authorized signer on Dad’s checking account. So long as you do not steal the money. Then you’ve got troubles.

Short Answer #2: Yes, you will become a target for the slings and arrows of outrageous fortune that your nearest and dearest will launch in your direction. Nothing you do will be right or fair or just. You will have to sit at the kids’ table at Thanksgiving. Lump of coal in your Christmas stocking.

Longer Answer: You need Dad to give you a Power of Attorney. Then you can do all the things he wants you to do. Be aware: the Social Security Administration does not care about Powers of Attorney. Or probate court guardianship/conservatorship. To satisfy the SSA, you have to become Dad’s “Representative Payee” down at the Social Security office. The Veterans Administration has a similar program.

Ancillary Advice: Get a Health Care Power of Attorney while you are thinking about it.

Free Advice and Worth What You Paid for It: The ultimate legal test here is “Were you stealing?” If not, you are fine. If yes, big BIG penalties. So don’t steal. Do the old man a solid. Get a good Financial Power of Attorney. That means don’t download it from the Interwebs. Spend a few minutes with a real lawyer about the in’s and out’s.

And every time you sign your name to anything for Dad, add a comma, and POA: “John Jones, POA”! You’ll be fine. Probably. Buena suerte.

Why Don’t You Deserve A Little Payback For All The Taxes You Paid In?

Why Do You Want To Spend Your Last Nickel On Long-Term Care?

Why Shouldn’t The Government Spend Your Money For You?

Traditional estate planning is concerned with avoiding probate, saving taxes, and dumping your leftover stuff on your beneficiaries. After you die. Nobody cares what happens to you while you are alive. How does that help anyone? Stupid.

Traditional estate planning fails because the overwhelming majority of us will need long-term skilled care. 70% of us. For an average of 3 years. And we will go broke paying for it.

Is it surprising that thousands of recreation properties: cottages, cabins, hunting land, are lost to pay for long- term care? Why is your estate planner hurting you and your family? It is evil intent? Or stupidity?

LifePlanning™ defeats Nursing Home Poverty. Keep your stuff. Get the care you have already paid for. Good for you. Good for your family. Good example for society.

When my mother suffered from the dementia which led to her death, over 10 years ago, their estate plan preserved their lifesavings. Mom’s months in the nursing home did not mean Dad’s impoverishment. Dad spent the last years with security and peace of mind.

Is Now A Bad Time For A Real Solution?

Perhaps you think you already have an answer to this problem. Maybe you do not see this as a problem at all.

It is possible that you do not believe in the passage of time or its effects on you.

Peace of mind and financial security are waiting for everyone who practices LifePlanning™. You know that peace only begins with financial security. Are legal documents the most important? Is avoiding probate the best you can do for yourself or your loved ones? Is family about inheritance? Or are these things only significant to support the foundation of your family?

Do you think finding the best care is easy? Do you want to get lost in the overwhelming flood of claims and promises? Or would you like straight answers?

Well, here you are. Now you know. No excuses. Get the information, insight, inspiration. It is your turn. Ignore the message? Invite poverty? Or get the freely offered information. To make wise decisions. For you. For your loved ones.

The LifePlan™ Workshop has been the first step on the path to security and peace for thousands of families. Why not your family?

NO POVERTY. NO CHARITY. NO WASTE.
It is not chance. It is choice. Your choice.

Get Information Now. (800) 317-2812

The post Stuff That Never Happens, Never Happens To Folks Like You appeared first on Carrier Law.

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Light One Candle Or Curse The Darkness?
(Not Edited For Spelling Or Punctuation Or Anything Else) (Warning: Not Legal Advice!)

Question: What do I need to do to remove people from a house my father owned and recently died there is no lease or will?

Dad passed away went to home and found people living in it we are being held responsible for funeral and other bills but town police will not remove people that I have never met and won’t tell us there name? Value of assets is in the millions we are his only 3 children.

Short Answer: Evict ‘em! But observe all requirements of Landlord Tenant law. You cannot just “kick them out”!

Longer Answer: Bad people have been known to take over the homes of long-term care facility residents. Especially when the kids live out of town. No one checks on the house. No one questions the new residents. And the results can be unfortunate. And there is no simple solution, no easy escape. Police cannot “throw the bums out” because state law prohibits removal of “tenants” without due process. You cannot “give‘em the 23-skidoo!” because the law frowns on and severely penalizes vigilante landlord justice. You can call Ghostbusters, but you must give them a 30-day notice to quit. And when they still won’t leave, you’ll have to take them to court. You finally get your judgment. They are not going anywhere. Time to call the sheriff and the movers.

Word to the Wise: Perhaps your loved one will need residential long term care in a nursing home or assisted living facility. Maybe they would simply enjoy the convenience of independent living. When your loved one leaves home, make sure there is no one left behind. Or you will pay the price.

Are you against controlling the family home? Is it a ridiculous idea that folks who have helped hundreds of families transition to long-term care could prevent these sorts of shenanigans? Do you want to spend months getting back what belongs to your family in the first place? Would you rather buy a pound of cure or an ounce of prevention?

Question: Can I be a guardian if I was convicted 6 years ago of welfare fraud and I paid all my fine and I’m off probation

My mom is in nursing home and her properties have to be sold I’m paying all her bills I she lived with me the last 2 1/2 years.

Short Answer: You have certainly paid your debt to society, but it is still up to the probate judge to decide. You have been trustworthy and loyal for the last 2 ½ years, so the judge might go your way. Or might appoint a public guardian and cut you out of your mom’s care entirely.

Long Answer: Is it crazy to think that things work out better when you plan ahead? You have been doing all the good things for 2 ½ years and yet you have not taken a couple very basic steps to protect your mom or her relationship with you.

As a competent adult, you get to choose whom you would like to make decisions for you. It is 100% your choice. No one else has to agree. Everyone else in the world might think your choice was bad, wrong, stupid, and horrible. Their opinions do not matter. You get to choose.

What if you do not choose. Shirk your responsibility to yourself and your family. If you do not exercise your rights as an adult person, what happens when you cannot make decisions for yourself? What happens if you suffer a stroke? Or Lewy Body dementia? Or Alzheimer’s? Or get hit in the head with a frying pan? Yowch!

If you have not selected that person in writing, you have a One-Way Ticket to Probate Court. A journey that will be far more expensive and wearing than taking a few hours to get an honest-to-goodness, works-when-you-need-it estate plan in place.

Excuses to avoid planning flow like the Mighty Mississippi…rolling, rolling, rolling down to the sea… So you avoided spending the time and money. Wonderful!

Get ready to spend ten times as much time, money, and aggravation. Also understand that you will not be able to shelter mom’s house or assets from the skilled nursing care costs. Everything has to pass by the probate judge for approval, sooner or later.

And if you have a skeleton or two in your closet… be prepared to lose control over mom’s health care decisions and financial choices too.

Regular folks are never prepared for the reality of probate court. You think the judge understands that you are a good person, doing the righteous thing for your loved one. Ha ha ha. Judges have seen it all. And most of it is NOT GOOD. Granddaughter on house arrest takes grampa to the store to buy a fifty-cent candy bar with a $100 check. So granddaughter gets the change in cash. So she can buy more crack. (Crack dealers rarely take checks.) Abuse. Financial exploitation. Neglect.

How does the judge know that you are not one of these godforsaken souls? The judge does not. And will treat you with fine equality. Just like a crackhead.

You are not used to being treated that way. You will not like it. Unfortunately, those are the folks the judge mostly sees.

Gee, do you think maybe you should have done some planning while there was time? Or is that just crazy talk?

Question: Can someone exercise power of attorney without authorization?

My sister (age 47) and my elderly father (age 78) use the same auto mechanic. My father owns a large pick-up truck that needed work over two years ago. He previously used this truck to tow his fifth wheel trailer. My mother (83) had concerns about my father driving such a large truck because of Parkinson’s symptoms. So, my sister convinced the auto mechanic to delay completion of the repair. For over two years the mechanic has been telling my father numerous excuses as to why the repair cannot be completed. My father has no idea that my sister interfered with his private business.

Short Answer: This has nothing to do with “power of attorney.” This has everything to do with deception, disrespect, and dishonesty.

Long Answer: A power of attorney is an expression of trust. Dad trusts Daughter to make decisions for him and to carry out his instructions. Dad puts his confidence in writing. Dad tells the whole world that Daughter may act on Dad’s behalf, doing the things Dad could do, in Dad’s best interests. In writing. According to the law.

Here, there is no power of attorney. Not even a “verbal” one. Dad simply took his truck into the fix-it shop. Dad made a deal with the mechanic: Fix the truck. I will pay. Pretty simple deal.

Daughter now chooses to interfere with Dad’s fix-it deal. Daughter convinces mechanic to break the contract. Mechanic lies to Dad. Over and over. Again and again. All in Dad’s “best interests.” According to whom? According to his wife. I guess. She who must be obeyed. Shameful.

Dad has “Parkinson’s symptoms.” Dad is not suffering from dementia. If he is like most Parkinson victims, his mental acuity has not suffered. And it may not be Parkinson’s at all.

Is it okay to lie a little for a good end? Is it okay to lie a lot over 2 years for a good end? Do the ends justify the means? Will there be consequences and repercussions from telling the truth? Sure, but there aren’t there always consequences and repercussions to telling the truth? Is it better to lie for an extended period of time before you tell the truth? Is it worse to tell the trutht right away?

Recently the Supreme Court of the United States issued some opinions. Some reversed cases that had been decided poorly many years ago. Every serious legal scholar agreed that those old decisions were made under intense political pressure. Now, fifty years later, the Supreme Court is finally doing its job. And some politicians prefer deception. They would rather have lousy legal doctrines, cooked up undemocratically by black robed oracles than by greasy politicians kowtowing to the people who elected them. Didn’t somebody once upon a time praise the idea that government should be of the people, by the people, for the people?

Is The Reporter sympathetic to the family that worries about Dad and endangering other people? Yes.

Does the Reporter believe that honesty is the best policy? Should you do your truthful best and let the chips fall where they may?

Yes, to both. Bite that bullet. Do that tough thing. Enjoy mutual respect without the twisted stomach that comes from lying. Try it, you’ll like it!

Question: Can I get my apartments put back into my name.

I trusted my grandson that he needed a cosigner for a home I signed some papers coming to find out that what I was signing was transfer papers he lied to me as well as the lady in her place of business where he took me told me the same thing about co-signing for credit on a home.

I never felt so betrayed and hurt, immensely angry with him that he tricked me.

Short Answer: This is garden variety fraud; larceny by trick. Immediately you should file an Affidavit Concerning Interests in Land against the property, documenting grandson’s nefarious scheme and disavowing the deed you were fraudulently induced to sign.

Grandson’s next step may well be to defraud an innocent third party by selling or mortgaging your property. You do not want to be in court with an innocent third-party purchaser for value.

Long Answer: Seven hundred years ago, Italian poet Dante Alighieri took a trip through Hell and lived to tell the tale. You may have heard of Dante’s Inferno? That’s the one! Turns out there are 9 Circles of Hell. The Ninth is lowest and worst. Souls in the Ninth Circle are trapped in a frozen lake, tortured by demons for all eternity. And who winds up in the Ninth Circle?

Traitors. Fraudsters who criminally violate the special bonds of love that should bind them to their victims. Treacherous. Selfish. Doomed to suffer for all time and beyond, in the company of the Devil, aka, Lucifer, Satan, Dis, Beelzebub. According to Dante, the souls of family traitors descend to hell immediately, while the human body continues its hopeless journey on earth.
But that is not all!

On this side of the Great Divide, Adult Protective Services is ready, willing, and able to enforce laws against elder financial abuse. It is a felony crime to defraud someone this way. For elders, the penalties are enhanced. Your tax dollars at work.

This can be fixed, but it will take fixing. Get to your friendly, neighborhood elder law attorney and block this rancid puppy’s next move. And step on it! Pronto.

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Like Driving Past A Car Wreck… Glad It Did Not Happen To You (Not Edited For Spelling Or Punctuation Or Anything Else) (Warning: Not Legal Advice!)

QUESTION: Can our disabled brothers legal guardian (also a family member and remainderman) terminate disabled brothers life estate?

Disabled brother is now in nursing home and will not return to family home which he has life estate in and is also in an irrevocable trust. There are many remaindermen, (large family) and all are in agreement to sell family home including our disabled brothers guardian. Another family member/remainderman wants to buy us out and move into home, hoping that we can all just sign off of house/ trust and quitclaim the property to her. Not sure if this is “allowable” or advisable. We also have concerns about potential “Medicaid recovery” if life estate is terminated while life estate holder is still alive.

Short Answer: Oh what a tangled web we weave, when first we practice elder law without a firm grounding in the fundamentals. Imagine sorting out this fact pattern after the family house was sold, money distributed, Medicaid denied, recriminations on all sides, nursing home lawsuit against disabled brother, allegations of fraudulent transfer against siblings, and a family feud ripe with recriminations echoing through eternity. In other words, the usual case.
Is it crazy to think it is not too late? Is it impossible for sweet reason and angelic actions to save the day? Must this family suffer?
Long Answer: There are several threads here that need to be disentangled. Let us begin with brother’s life estate.

LIFE ESTATE
In Michigan, “life estate” means that the person can use and live on the property for their entire lifetime. A life estate is valuable. How valuable?

Back in the day, we used to have hearings with expert witnesses and do future value projections based on life expectancy and then present value regression analyses. But in today’s modern world, Michigan makes it easy to figure out how much a life estate is worth. Get a copy of the Bridges Eligibility Manual 400, Exhibit II – Life Estate and Life Lease Factor Table (BPB 2022-07) (available online!). This Table lists ages from birth to 109 years old. For each age, there is a 5-digit life estate factor. You look up the factor that corresponds to the age of the person. Multiply the factor by the value of the real estate. Voila! That is the value of the person’s life estate.

IMPORTANT POINT: Life Estate values have nothing to do with the actual health of the Life Estate holder. Life Estate Value is all about chronological age. Birth certificate and calendar. Healthy or on hospice? Irrelevant.

A few examples. Let us suppose the family home is worth $100,000.

At age 2, the life estate factor is .99017. So, a two- year old’s life estate is worth $99,017. ($100,000 X .99017)

At age 109, the life estate factor is .04545. That means that the 109-year-old’s life estate is worth $4,545. ($100,000 X .04545)

At age 70, the life estate factor is .60522. How much is a 70-year-old person’s life estate worth? Correct! $60,522. ($100,000 X .60522)

What this means is that “if life estate is terminated while life estate holder is still alive” the life estate holder must be paid the value of the life estate as determined by the BEM 400 Life Estate Factor Table. Easy!

Let’s consider the flip side… the remaindermen.

If 70-year-old disabled brother’s life estate is worth $60,522, what are all the remaindermen’s interests worth, collectively? Correct again! $39,478. ($100,000 – $60,522) Divided by the “many remaindermen” of a “large family.” Betcha didn’t see that coming!

DISABLED BROTHER’S GUARDIAN
Disabled brother has a guardian. Does that mea we are in probate court? Yes! Does that mean that any sale of the property must be approved by probate court? Yes! Does that mean that we will have to pay an attorney to help us ask the probate court for permission to sell? No! Like plumbing and electrical work on your home, probate can be a “Do-It-Yourself” adventure. Emphasis on “adventure.” Can you steer your automobile with your feet? Sure! But that does not make it a good idea. Like do-it-yourself electrical work, plumbing, or probate. Jes’ sayin’.

Probate is required even if disabled brother also has a conservator for management of his assets.

MEDICAID RECOVERY
Remember how disabled brother got the money from the sale of the family home? If disabled brother was already on Medicaid, getting the money will boot him off. Until the money is all “spent down.” Or until the money is stashed in a Medicaid payback trust. Or a charitable pooled income fund. Or somewhere else where the other family members will not benefit.

Are there worse ideas than selling the family home before disabled brother’s death? Sure! You could invade Ukraine, expecting a liberator’s welcome. You could dump trillions of dollars into the economy, expecting no inflation. Spit into the wind. Tug the mask off the ole Lone Ranger. Mess around with Jim. Bad ideas.

When disabled brother dies, his life estate is over. No compensation. No estate or Medicaid recovery. The remaindermen get the remainder. All the remainder. Yay!

But in the meantime… You want to keep the family house occupied. Vacant houses have a way of burning down. Vacant house insurance is hugely expensive. Plus you still have to pay the taxes. And utilities. Mow the grass. Plow the snow. Paint it.

Why not let sister move in now, provided she pays all expenses? Subject to a written agreement? Give her a right of first refusal (not an option) so she may purchase the place after disabled brother’s death?

There are other possibilities. Leasing/subleasing.

Etcetera. But do not accept the assertion that it must be sold pronto. The family has options.

IRREVOCABLE TRUST

What’s going on with this?

Somehow there is an irrevocable trust blended into the mix. It is not obvious how that trust is being used, if at all. There are several possibilities. But a review of the trust would be essential to knowing what is going on.

Question: Can my father’s caretaker accept his entire estate? Can she be sued for selling everything? He is still alive. My dad signed over his house to his caretaker before she put him into an assisted living home. She then quickly sold it. He has 2 living children. Do I have any recourse now?

Short Answer: No, you do not “have any recourse now”. Sadly, a properly executed deed has consequences which cannot be undone. Even a deed that reverses the prior transfer has real world consequences that cannot be ignored. What consequences? [WARNING: LAWYER ANSWER TO FOLLOW] It depends.

Longer Answer: Is it possible that the caregiver may be sued or prosecuted for financial abuse of the elderly? Is it possible that Father was incapacitated or mentally incompetent at the time he signed the deed? Could those be grounds to throw it out? What if Father was coerced into signing by undue influence, would those be grounds as well? Perchance. Maybe. Possibly. Mayhap. Hmmmmm, tugs at goatee…

How can you prove that Father was consistently and continually mentally incompetent? Or coerced? Were you there the whole time? When he signed? These are difficult cases. Difficult to forget about apparent injustice. Difficult to remedy the injustice. Difficult to know if there was any injustice at all. Difficult to reconcile when the “bad actor” is a family member.

Is it crazy to think that it might just possibly be helpful to have had some professional assistance in this sort of situation? Maybe possibly a few bucks and hours now to avoid big bucks and years of woe in the future? Asking for a friend…

Father, it seems, was mentally competent and had the legal ability to sign. Adults can choose. Poorly. With disastrous consequences.

You may not believe it, but some folks with signs of developing dementia are propped up by gangs of greedy grasping gargoyles intending to gorge on ill-gotten gains. Despicable devils who deny demonstrable incoherence, impulsiveness, and inconsistency. For their own putrescent purposes. How can such evil exploiters exist? Trust the evidence of your own eyes if you doubt it.

Actions have consequences.

Question #1: Can my durable POA withdraw from my IRA and sell my home if I become incapacitated?

Question #3: Can I specify in my will what accounts the POA would have access to withdraw from? I am concerned about abuses as I have heard some horror stories and I have no children of my own or close friends. Question #4: Would I be better off getting a bank to manage my affairs?

Answer #1: Powers of Attorney always depend on the authority you write into them. You can limit the ability of the Agent under the POA however you choose. Generally, to be effective, you want your Agent to be able to access your Individual Retirement Account and to deal with your home.

Answer #2: Yes, you can limit the Agent’s access to specific accounts.

Answer #3: Horror stories are real. Financial abuse of older folks is also all too common. The good news is that there are professional trustees and fiduciaries who will not steal your money. So if you do have some question about the stepchildren, do not appoint them as your trustees or executors or agents or patient advocates or any other position of responsibility.

Answer #4: You may “be better off getting a bank to manage [your] affairs.” Professional trustees vary widely in their commitment to service and delivering value. Your friendly neighborhood elder law attorney (should) have plenty of experience with a range of professional trustees and banks. Why not ask? However, do not use an attorney as your trustee. The trustee function is fundamentally different than the lawyer function, in my opinion. A focused, professional trustee will do that job with much greater efficiency and at less cost than the typical attorney. But you still need to take care that you have the right trustee, and your attorney can be very helpful in that regard.

Is Now A Bad Time For A Real Solution?

Peace of mind and financial security are waiting for everyone who practices LifePlanning™. You know that peace only begins with financial security. Do you want to get lost in the overwhelming flood of claims and promises? Or would you like straight answers?

No excuses. Get the information, insight, inspiration. It is your turn. Ignore the message? Invite poverty? Or get the freely offered information. To make wise decisions. For you. For your loved ones.

The LifePlan™ Workshop has been the first step on the path to security and peace for thousands of families. Why not your family?

The post You Never Call, You Never Write! appeared first on Carrier Law.

We Get Letters… We Get Lots And Lots Of Letters

(Note: Not Edited For Spelling Or Punctuation. Not Legal Advice!)

LETTER #1

Deed with joint tenancy doesn’t mention right of survivorship

My father purchased land with seller to buyer financing. Because my dad was a single unmarried man and it was seller financing, the seller asked my dad to put someone as a joint owner on the deed (to keep making the payments in the event my dad passed). My dad put my oldest sister as a joint tenant/owner as he was advised at the title company. I don’t think he fully understood. My sister never made one single payment I have all checks to prove. She didn’t even know she was a joint owner. My dad mentioned to mother, friends and to siblings me many times my sister wasn’t the real owner it was just for security bc the seller required security of receiving continuing payments.

My father sadly passed, and now my sister doesn’t want to change title practically keep the land to herself. The document doesn’t specify right of survivorship just say joint tenant can that help? Everyone knows my dads true intent we were all children from the same mother he loved us all the same. I feel he didn’t know what joint tenancy was and just signed. I am really worried bc my sister is taking over the property and not allowing entrance.

What can I use as defenses, thanks.

The Answer Is: “You Are Screwed. And Your Little Dog, Too!”
A Deed Is A Deed Is A Deed

For a number of years, I tended bar. Occasionally, a bar fight would erupt. Very exciting. My fellow barkeep Matt loved when that happened. He would vault the bar grinning, not waiting for assistance, eager to sort things out. Not me. I figured that was a job for the football player-bouncers. A bar fight is an ambiguous, fluid situation. Resolution is required. Application of force will be necessary. And litigation is a bar fight. In for a dime, in for a dollar.

But what if there is no fight? What if the facts are clear? Bouncers do not go looking for trouble. And they do not get involved in every disagreement. How does that apply here?

Michigan courts are extremely unwilling to upset the applecart. Especially when that applecart consists of a valid deed. There are plenty of dubious situations that folks can fight about. Then the courts and the judicial system can roll up their sleeves, get into the fight, start cracking heads.

Our letter writer’s case is not a bar fight free-for-all that needs sorting out. This is a Mike Tyson, one shot to the head, KO, 30 seconds, hope-you-did-not-blink-because-the-main-event-is-over type of thing.

Your father signed the deed. He was competent. He did not have a gun to his head.

Q: Was it a good idea or a bad idea?
A: Nobody cares.

Q: Is sister a generous angel or jealous limb of Satan?
A: Irrelevant.

Q: Did dad wish he had never signed?
A: Why are we still talking about this? Train left the station. Elvis left the building. Fat lady sang. Somebody already stuck a fork in it. It is done.

Folks Do The Darnedest Things

When a good person acts with the best intentions but brings about the worst results – that is tragic. Terrible. In Heaven above, the angels weep. Ever watch a movie, yelling at the screen, “Don’t open the door!” “Stay out of the basement!” “Run away!”? Reading this letter is like that. For me. Danger, danger! But, of course, it is too late. For them.

Why in the world did dad sign the deed?

“Because my dad was a single unmarried man and it was seller financing , the seller asked my dad to put someone as a joint owner on the deed (to keep making the payments in the event my dad passed).”

Dad was motivated to do the right thing. Seller gave dad plausible reasons. But. The stated “reasons” make absolutely no sense at all. Not a single part is accurate or reasonable. Sure, it is true that folks do this sort of thing all the time. On the advice of friends, neighbors, and Internet Experts. You might think these advisers would know better. But they do not.

Spoken Words Worth The Paper They Are Written On

“My dad mentioned to mother , friends and to siblings me many times my sister wasnt the real owner it was just for security bc the seller required security of receiving continuing payments.”

Sometimes motivations matter. Once in a while, verbal statements are relevant. But not usually. And not when we have a written deed that clearly creates ownership rights. Circuit courts, title companies, buyers… none of them care what you thought you were doing. Or why you were doing it.

Dad made sister joint owner by legal, valid, written, notarized, recorded and unchallenged deed. His motivations and understandings were incorrect. But that does not matter.

The Road To Hell Is Paved With Good Intentions

“Everyone knows my dads true intent we were all children from the same mother he loved us all the same. I feel he didnt know what joint tenancy was and just signed. I am really worried bc my sister is taking over the property and not allowing entrance.”

Hatfields & McCoys. Montagues & Capulets. Celtics & Lakers. Laimbeer & Bird. U of M & Ohio State. Historic feuds. This is how they get started… What chance does this family have to enjoy the peace and prosperity dad intended? Experience suggests that sister will treat the property as her own. She will be correct, legally. Cousins hating each other. Poison of resentment and ill-will seeping down the generations. Do not let this happen to you. Or your family.

Dad could have provided for the family. Avoided strife. Lawyers do come in handy, sometimes!

LETTER #2

How can I withdraw funds from my husbands bank account if I am not on his account?

Husband is a stroke patient in a nursing home. Medicaid covers all expenses. He has money from social security in his bank account that I can use to send to him for personal needs. I have all account numbers, ss number, etc but no pin number.

Powers Of Attorney: Faster Than A Speeding Bullet… More Powerful Than A Locomotive…Able to Change The Course Of Mighty Rivers, Bend Steel In Your Bare Hands?

You don’t have to be Superman to get the power to make a major difference in your loved one’s life. If your husband is still mentally alert, even though he may not be physically capable, he can give you the authority you need to take care of his business.

Powers of attorney are not all the same. They can differ radically in the way they operate and in your ability to get the job done. Be sure that the lawyer drawing up the power of attorney knows your goals. Of course, that is nice to say, but how to get it done in the real world. The answer is that most powers of attorney are intended only to allow you to pay the person’s bills. And pay. And pay. And keep on paying until the money is all gone. Which results in nursing home poverty. Powers of attorney can be drafted to save the family resources. Make sure that your attorney knows that this is your intention.

Here Comes The Judge!

If your spouse or loved one is not mentally competent, you have a date with probate court. The judge will decide (by clear and convincing evidence) whether you should have authority over your loved one. Guardianship is all about the person’s health and day-to-day living. Guardianship includes the right to make basic, routine money decisions. Conservatorship is all about the money.

Both forms of living probate involve special rules, court supervision, annual reporting and a limit on just what you are able to do with your loved one’s resources. Avoiding probate while you are alive should be, but usually is not, a laser focus of your estate planning.

Social Security…

The Social Security Administration does not care about your power of attorney. And they do not care about your guardianship or conservatorship either. Social Security operates across the globe and cannot be bothered to figure out the ins-and-outs of every judicial and legal system. It would be impossible.

What Social Security has done is create its own “brand” of guardianship. Your disabled loved one gets Social Security. Your guardianship and power of attorney are useless. Now you have to jump through the Social Security hoops and become Representative Payee. Now you can manage the social security.

Easy, huh?

You Choose!

There is nothing inevitable about nursing home poverty. Peace of mind and security are waiting for you. Right now. It is a choice. Despite what “everybody else” says. Despite their attempts to disguise the elephants in the room. For over thirty years, people have told me, “I’ve never heard of this before!” “If this is real, why doesn’t everyone do it?” “My lawyer/financial advisor/brother-in-law/accountant/tax person/banker/best friend/fill-in-the-blank never said anything like this…”

Applying for benefits does not mean Nursing Home Poverty or silly Spend Down. Learn how to preserve your loved one’s lifesavings, business, cottage, life insurance. Thousands of middle-class families have learned and use these techniques. Why not yours?

Got Questions? Get Answers!

GET ANSWERS NOW… THE CALL THAT CHANGES YOUR LIFE…
COME TO A WORKSHOP OR ATTEND A LIVE WEBINAR FROM HOME…
(800) 317-2812

The post Letters You Are Glad You Did Not Have To Write appeared first on Carrier Law.

(Not Edited For Spelling Or Punctuation) (Note: Not Legal Advice!)

Long answers are boring, short punchy answers are fun! Time for some fun…

LETTER #1

How should I word a letter to say I withdraw specific grants of authority on a POA?

I am primary agent on my father’s POA, but need to produce a letter that says I will not act as agent with respect to obtaining financial assistance from or communicating with Medicaid. Is that wording correct? Do I have to title it as an affidavit?

The Answer Is: “With Great Power Comes Great Responsibility”

Do Not Do This Bad, Awful, Evil Thing

Point #1 This is total BULL. You have been given the great power to make your father’s remaining life a life worth living. You are being asked to throw away that power, to sacrifice your father’s well-being.
Your father granted you authority to make decisions on his behalf. You accepted that responsibility. You have a duty to your father to exercise the authority you have been given in your father’s best interest. Your father’s best interest. Not the interest of somebody who wants to take advantage of your father.

Point #2 Who is asking for this? Who says you “need to produce a letter”? No reputable care facility would ask for this. No one who cares about your father would ask for this. There is no GOOD reason for anyone would ask for you to give up your father’s entitlement to federal health care benefits. There are lots of BAD reasons, though.

Point #3 Middle-class America already won this fight. Back in the day (as the kids say)(or used to say)(or never said but I thought they did)… When I first started doing this stuff, 31 years ago, it was not uncommon to see demands like this in long-term care contracts. The State of Ohio even prohibited Medicaid recipients from speaking with attorneys about their benefits. All blatantly wrong. All clearly illegal. Federal law is clear: no one can require you to give up your federal health care benefits. And that means you cannot give up your father’s federal health care benefits. You do not “need” to produce any such letter. Whoever asked for the letter was probably breaking federal law.

Point #4 Medicaid simply is the way America pays for long-term care.

• Folks spend themselves into nursing home poverty.
• Savings exhausted, farm sold, cottage gone, destitute.
• Apply for Medicaid.
• Get base level of care, paid by Medicaid.

Point #5 Middle-class savers can obtain Medicaid benefits in full compliance with state and federal law without going broke. Your savings can supplement Medicaid so that you receive the highest level of care, tailored to your unique needs.

Point #6. Private Pay Rates are about 50% higher than Medicaid rates for the same services. Reality Check: Look at your last medical or hospital bill. Do you think the hospital is paying $12 per aspirin?

Conclusion: Do not betray your father. Dear old Dad trusted you to act in his best interest. Accept the great responsibility that comes with great power. Make his remaining time on this planet the best time of his life.

LETTER #2

My husband’s step grandmother died in August. Her son (not our blood relative obviously) contacted us as the executor.?

He told us that he is distributing the proceeds of her estate and that he is sending us a check, even though we are not named as beneficiaries. My mother-in-law is livid (she has a number of mental and health issues) she cares for her disabled brother (both are beneficiaries) he is concerned she is not adequately caring for her brother. She is demanding that we not accept the check. What should we do here??

The Answer Is: Only Santa Claus Can Give Things Away for Free

You know you are not a beneficiary. If the money you are receiving was supposed to go to other people, that is a problem.

Point #1 Most folks do not leave money to grandchildren. And it is even more unusual to include step-grandchildren. As you observe, your husband is not a relative or named beneficiary. It is hard to see that he has any entitlement to a distribution.

Point #2 Your mother-in-law and her disabled brother appear to be children of the deceased step-grandmother. They are legitimate beneficiaries.

Point #3 If somebody is giving away your inheritance, you are justified in getting hot under the collar. BONUS POINTS: Extra aggravation if your disabled brother’s inheritance is being given away. Especially when you are caring for said disabled brother.

Point #4 Proper estate distribution is up to the personal representative (aka executor). Unless you acted improperly, distribution problems are on the executor-brother.

Head-scratcher: What the hell is going on here? See Point #1. This is strange.

Possibility #1: The executor-step-uncle is giving a portion of the executor-step-uncle’s own share to your husband. If so, no problem.

Possibility #2 The executor-step-uncle is making an unauthorized distribution of the estate. If so, the Probate Court could order your husband to disgorge the money. Also, executor-step-uncle is in deep doo-doo.

Conclusion: “Livid” mothers-in-law with “a number of mental and health issues” are not always wrong. Find out whether executor-step-uncle has any legal basis to make the distribution. If no legal basis can be determined by your own lawyer, do not take the money. Better safe than sorry.

LETTER #3

Can an executrix of a will evict a sibling who is also a beneficiary and has lived in the house for 40 years?

My ex-husband has been unable to work for the past 10 years in order to take care of his 99-year-old dad. He passed late last year. His sister took her dad to a lawyer when he was about 90 to create a will. 70% her/30% him. Ex-husband has lived in the very modest home for 40 years. He has no means to start over.

She is the owner of 2 homes and made enough money to retire at 59 (probably not relevant).

The Answer Is: Yes.

Point #1 Father opened his home to son for 30 years before father needed son’s help. Perhaps that helps explain the 70/30 split. Maybe sister isn’t such a “rhymes with witch” after all…

Point #2 Nowadays it is not so unusual to have the holdover tenant child. The kid moves home for a week. Or two. Or THIRTY YEARS! How is it that the kid could not save an apartment rental deposit in thirty years of working plus ten more years of not working and living off dad’s social security and pension. Jeepers!!

Point #3 Eviction is the remedy. In my experience, the “Irish Bachelor” son or daughter has no intention of going soft into that good night of leases, mortgages, rent and maintenance. EEEK! Responsibility! Oh no! Oysters have less attachment to their shells. Frequently the other siblings let “Timmy” stay in the house after the funeral. “For a little while.” Five years later somebody wakes up to the fact that Timmy ain’t goin’ nowhere! Far from being grateful, Timmy is angry that anyone has figured it out…

Point #4 The COVID moratorium on evictions is still in effect. That means you cannot legally evict Timmy. Serve him with the eviction papers anyway. You could try reasoning with Timmy. It will not do any good. At least you can get your ducks in a row for the moment evictions are once more possible.

Point #5 If dad had put Timmy on the deed, you could never get him out. So do not put your kids on deeds.

Point #6 A parent can give a caregiver child the house without screwing up their own Medicaid. The key is that the child has to reside with the parent and provide two (2) years of care services that keep the parent out of the nursing home.

Conclusion: There are dangers and opportunities when a child moves home. Mostly dangers. Consult with your friendly, neighborhood elder law attorney to avoid the mistakes and maximize the advantages.

YOU CHOOSE!

Applying for benefits does not mean Nursing Home Poverty or silly Spend Down. Learn how to preserve your loved one’s lifesavings, business, cottage, life insurance. Thousands of middle-class families have learned and use these techniques. Why not yours?

The post Mail Call: Answers To Your Estate Planning Questions appeared first on Carrier Law.

On a cold, rainy Sunday afternoon in early October, Jane despairs at the paperwork piles. Last year, a car crash took Mike, cruelly ending their ten-year marriage. Each year, Mike did the taxes while house bills fell to Jane. Now, it’s all on her. How can she do this alone? A young widow with two young children. Even after a year she cannot concentrate. “Widow’s brain” a friend calls it. A constant fog interrupted by family demands.

Mike and Jane meant to get organized, get their “ducks in a row.” But kids! Jobs! Church! Activities! She gave up her job after the second child. Daycare was so expensive and no family nearby. Jane’s new part-time job barely covers her expenses. What to do now?

Partial Plan Means Total Frustration

Jane could get the checking and savings because they were joint on those accounts. But her name was never put on that cottage Mike inherited. Mike’s life insurance from work is up in the air. They say the “paperwork” is wrong. Health insurance? That “COBRA” policy costs way too much! If Jane gets sick, who takes the kids?

First Things First

Jane and the kids need checkups. Physical and mental! Available without charge in most Michigan counties.

Plan Jane Plan

Jane needs expert help. Thorough review of family assets. Handle Mike’s probate estate. Get the insurance money. Plan for the future. Who gets the kids if she dies? Who will pay the bills? Who makes medical decisions? How can an estate plan that make life for her family easier and safer?

Carrier Law Can Help

A will and trust will direct who gets the kids and the money. No expensive and time-consuming Probate. Financial and health care powers of attorney will allow a loved one to manage her affairs.

Take the First Step!

Jane met experienced, competent counsel who helped her cut through the fog. Take effective action. Provide for herself and her children. As Jane now says, “It’s not about documents, it’s about peace of mind!”

By Claire Clary, Carrier Law Attorney, Widowed Persons Service – Board Member

The post Thoughts for the Newly Widowed appeared first on Carrier Law.

Many of us enjoy DIY (Do It Yourself) projects. Your ambitions could range anywhere from minor painting to remodeling the bathroom. Why not tackle the whole house? Most of us have the skill to do some minor repairs. But how many have plumbing, electrical, or dry wall talents?

Minor cosmetic home repairs won’t get you in too much trouble. Leave those load-bearing walls alone! But… running electrical circuits or plumbing to a new room takes on some serious risks. Botched wiring means short circuits and fires… shocking! You’ll be crying a river when your amateur plumbing imitates Niagara Falls. Running a gas line to a stove or dryer? What could go wrong? Ka-boom!

What, Me Worry?

Usually when we do our own home repairs, we understand the risks that we are taking on. But what about drafting your own Will or Power of Attorney documents? What is the harm? Many folks think: “I can just download some forms, fill in the blanks and I am all set! So easy!” Right? It’s like using extension cords to wire your house. Scotch tape to seal plumbing joints! Why would you risk your life savings on “free” online forms?

Danger, Danger, High Voltage!

When home remodeling, beware bare wires, leaking pipes, asbestos, and creepy crawly’s. When remodeling your Estate Plan, here are some of your risks with DIY online forms:

1. Healthcare Power of Attorney. What powers should be in these documents? Do you know that if they are not drafted properly, you could be in Probate Court to have a Guardianship setup? This causes more stress, delays and (no big surprise) surprisingly large expenses. Did you forget the Advance Directive? HIPPA? Funeral designee?

2. Financial Power of Attorney. An appropriate Financial Power of Attorney document can preserve your assets… keep you from going broke. Proper advance planning minimizes risks. But what if your bargain basement POA lacks “extraordinary” powers? It may cost you very little or it could be in the hundreds of thousands of dollars. Why would you risk botching such an important document?

3. Trusts. When was the last time you drafted a Trust? How did that work out? What provisions are prudent for your specific facts? Should it be revocable or irrevocable, or one of each? What powers should the trustees have? These are a few of the questions to ask. Do you know how to fund a Trust, or even what this means? Do you think it could be expensive to have the wrong Trust setup that is not funded? Maybe “FREE” is the costliest of all…

Safe And Secure

Your LifePlan attorney has already helped hundreds of families like yours. You worked your whole life to save for the Golden Years. Now you are going to bet your life savings on generic, freebie forms. Thinking that you can save some money? You may never recover from that mistake if you don’t know what you are doing.

Written by Attorney Jim Henke

Call the Law Offices of David L. Carrier today at (800) 317-2812

We Make the Rules Work, for the Folks who Play by the Rules!

The post Handy Andy Ain’t Got Nothing On Me! appeared first on Carrier Law.

A health care crisis can arise in an instant – even for the healthiest person – so every estate plan should have a health care component. This provides the powers and instructions to your loved ones and doctors to carry out your wishes should you be unable to express them.  The proper health care documents should be drafted by an experienced Estate Planning law firm, such as Carrier Law.

There are several forms to consider:

1. HCPOA – The Health Care Power of Attorney document is a critical document for all adults – probably the most important document on this list. When properly drafted, it allows a patient advocate to make health care decisions when the patient is not competent. It can allow the patient advocate to sign a POST – Physician Orders for Scope of Treatment. It can also cover HIPAA situations. Caution: When being admitted to the Hospital or other facility, you are often asked to present or sign a Health Care Power of Attorney (HCPOA). If you already have such a signed HCPOA, bring it with you – especially one drafted by Carrier Law. Our Health Care Power of Attorney document is much broader than most, and signing a new one could revoke it. (Most HCPOAs have language stating that upon signing the document you revoke all prior HCPOAs.)
2. HIPAA Authorization – (Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act) This authorization is used to allow the personal representative to obtain medical records, billing records and communicate with health care professionals.  It is not used to make medical decisions. It can be used even if the patient is competent.
3. Care Directive – Provides instructions to others as to what the patient’s wishes are for certain care that might be provided. Each care directive is unique in what the instructions provide. It may cover items such as: Living Will issues, life-sustaining treatment, artificial nutrition and hydration, and comfort care. It could include organ donation wishes, funeral and burial instructions, and instructions regarding an autopsy. These are all very important wishes for many people. Carrier Law recently updated their Care Directive instructions to be more comprehensive. If you previously filled out a Care Directive with Carrier Law and would like to update it, you can download a copy of the new version here.
4. POST (Michigan Physician Orders for Scope of Treatment) – This document is put into place when the patient has less than one year to live. The POST form must be signed by the patient’s physician, the PA, or nurse practitioner. It is a standard State of Michigan form that details the patient’s end-of-life care wishes. It covers: resuscitation, ventilation, defibrillation, and comfort measures. The recommended time to complete this document is when the patient is being discharged from a hospital and is going home, to a nursing home, or other location outside of a hospital.
5. Funeral Representative Designation – A funeral representative is a person designated in a legal document as having authority to make decisions concerning the handling, disposition, or disinterment of a decedent’s body. The funeral representative is authorized by statute to make decisions regarding cremation and has the right to retrieve from the funeral home and possess cremated remains of the decedent immediately after cremation.
6. Guardianship – A Guardianship (which is set up through Probate Court) can often be avoided with the proper legal health care documents in place before a crisis arises. A Guardianship is often a more expensive and time-consuming proposition, compared with the properly drafted health care documents.

How do these health care documents compare, and do I need all of them? That depends on your life stage and overall health.
Click below for a visual comparison of each document.

The post Health Care documents: what do you need? appeared first on Carrier Law.

by Bill Bereza, Associate Attorney

My dad was sure that he was going to live to 100. He was born the year after his parents bought the family farm, and he always talked about getting the farm into Michigan’s Centennial Farm Program. Planning for death or incapacity was never on his mind. When he was diagnosed with cancer, he kept on going as normal. He was still working on the farm the week before he went into hospice.

My dad refused to talk about death.

He never talked about what would or should happen with the farm if he became too ill to run it. He would never sign a will or a trust or a power of attorney, and he believed that insurance was a waste of money because “you’ll be dead” when the money comes in. As he came closer to the end, I learned that this was really because of his fear of death. He was still a young man when his father died. His father’s cancer wasn’t discussed until he was dying, so to my father, talking about the end of life meant death.

It’s hard to say that it is fortunate that my dad died quickly. He didn’t spend years in a nursing home. He died at home in the very same bedroom he was born in. We were all spared the guilt of placing him in a nursing home, knowing that he hated being away from his farm. We didn’t need to worry about how to pay for his care; the farm was my parents’ only asset. We knew that the farm was safe, that it didn’t have to be broken up and sold off in pieces to pay for the care that he assumed he’d already been paying for with every paycheck of his working life.

We had luck, a painful kind of luck.

Since then, my mom has made a plan. She has a power of attorney, a patient advocate, a will, and a trust to make sure the farm stays in the family and isn’t lost to the chances of fortune. She knows that what she and dad spent a lifetime working on will be protected for herself and her kids and grandkids. She has shared with us her thoughts, her fears, and her desires. She has given us the gift of relief, from doubt, uncertainty, and guilt.

It’s hard to talk with your kids about death. Some parents may use their own experiences with death in their own lives as an opportunity to discuss mortality with their kids, or as a reason to avoid bringing up a painful experience. The death of a parent is usually the first real painful experience most people will deal with. Your children will have to deal with it whether you want them to or not.

We all know that death is inevitable. Many people decide that because it will happen no matter what they do, they may as well do nothing. Only 4 in 10 American adults have a Will, according to a 2018 Caring.com survey. Furthermore, the survey found that only 1/3 of parents with children under 18 have a Will.

A basic, comprehensive estate plan will include, at minimum, a Will, a Durable Power of Attorney for Finances, a Patient Advocate Designation, Advance Directives, and one or more Living Trusts.

Whether you have a plan – or realize you need one – talking to your kids about it is essential.

Talk about life, before talking about death

The first thing to remember is that we don’t live life in perfect physical and mental health right up until the minute we die. Nearly 70 percent of Americans die in a hospital, nursing home, or long-term care facility. Chances are, you’ll need someone to make medical and financial decisions for you. After a spouse, the kids are most often named in a Durable Power of Attorney and Patient Advocate Designation.

What kind of life do you want, if you’re no longer able to communicate those decisions for yourself? The benefit of starting with incapacity when talking to the kids is that it lets you talk about the things you like. Your favorite foods, books, tv shows; these are positive things to share. The way to share your life wishes is to share with your kids what matters to you.

An Advance Directive is a way to put those life wishes in writing. It’s also a way to relieve some of the stress from your kids. Any child who has had to make care decisions for their parent has probably had to deal with guilt and wonder whether they really are doing the right thing for their parents. By having the conversation with the kids and giving them a written plan, you can ease their burden.

Ask your kids what is important to them, before you plan

Parents often worry about trying to be “fair” to all the kids, trying to plan to avoid what they perceive could be a problem. If you know that one child really cares about your medical care, or another child doesn’t want to deal with finances, or if the children agree on who should inherit what, you can make estate planning decisions confidently and comfortably.

Again, this should be a focus on what matters to your life, and the lives of your kids.

Manage expectations

The conversations we avoid often lead to bigger problems later. If a child is disappointed or surprised by one thing in your estate plan, they are more likely to dispute everything in the plan. A serious problem can occur if, after your death, a child believes that you were forced or coerced into making an estate plan or weren’t competent when you planned. If you tell the kids the plan now, they may be less likely to object later.

Managing the differences

In every family, there are differences between the kids: how well they manage money, how much they need money, and any inherent legal risks in their lifestyle or profession. You may even consider who is the most likely to care for you as you age – due to ability and/or geography – and what sacrifices they’ll need to make to do that.

These considerations can all contribute to how you decide to distribute your estate – equal is not always fair. You may want to leave less to your daughter, because she doesn’t need it, or you may want to leave money to your son in a restricted trust because he can’t handle it. By talking about this with your kids now, you can address your decisions and their questions together, instead of leaving them to make assumptions after you’re gone. The worst situations are when kids are left feeling as if they were “loved less” due to the decisions by their parents. Unfortunately, we do see that now and then, but most often, the reality is that decisions are made from the utmost love and foresight for each child.

Prepare an asset inventory

Most estate planning attorneys will have you prepare a financial information packet detailing your assets. Think of this as a tool for your kids as well. Dealing with the death of a parent can be the most difficult thing that happens to many people. The burden of hunting down what the parent owned, where bank accounts exist, are burdens you can prevent by keeping the inventory with your estate plan.

In any situation after your death, whether it’s in probate court or with trust administration, preparing an inventory is often the first step for your trustee, executor, or personal representative. You can help get that first step done for them.

Your final wishes

The simple things after your death can cause the biggest heartache for the children left behind. You may not care about your funeral plans, the casket decorations, the type of urn, the music or scripture readings. For your kids, this can be an important part of their grieving process. You can help them by discussing those plans with them and putting them in writing. Children often spend a lot of time and money on funeral arrangements because they think “that’s what mom would want” when in fact you may be happy with a simple gathering. They won’t know if they aren’t told.

The next step

Life is full of risk, and life is full of stress. Death is an inevitability, and not talking about it won’t make it go away. If there’s some risk and stress in talking to your kids about this now, there is sure to be risk and stress after you’re gone if things are left unsaid. An estate plan should be a plan for life, and by talking to your kids now, you can craft a plan that will fulfill the needs of your life and the lives of your kids.

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